Machine for the reproduction of sculpture



March 10, 1931. E. QUATTROCCHI 1,795,881

MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE Filed Jan. 25. 5 4.Shets-Sheet1 //7 Vania/ His Azgarngp.

E. QUATTROCCHI MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE March 10,1931.-

4 sheets-sne't 2 Filed Jan. 25 1928 March 10, 1931- E. QUATTROCCHIMACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE Filed Jan. 25 1923 4Sheets-Sheet 3 March 10, 1931. E. QUATTROCCHI MACHINE FOR THEREPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE Filed Jan. 25, 192 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 .ZlQzzaZZwacclzz' I fire/H107 I I V '1 Patented Mar. 10, 1931 UNITED STATESEDMONDO QUATTROCGHI, F PARIS, FRANCE MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OFSCULPTURE Application filed January 25, 1928, Serial .No. 249,483,'andin France .Tune 17, 1926.

.My invention, whichconstitutes a continuation in part of my co-pendingapplication, Serial Number 171,335, filed February 26, 1927, now PatentNo. 1,776,041, Sept. 16, 1930,

' has for its object a machine for the reproduction of sculpture, whichis chieflycharacterized by the fact that it allows in a very easymanner'the locating and placing of points on the block in, which themodel is to be reprom duced, these points after the removal of thematerial in excess from the block, being rigorously situated upon thesurface of the block.

Another object of my invention is to provide for such amachine, theconstruction of which is particularly adapted for the execution of heavypieces of sculpture at a different scale. 7

In my said machine, two needles are provided for, the one of which isadapted to touch certain points on the surface of the model and theother to indicate corresponding points on the block.

This latter needle is so mounted in its support that it may slidetherein and is provided 5 with an abutment piece cooperating with afixed point of said support, whilst the needle which touches the modelis stationary in its respective support.

The special mounting of the needle adapt- 36 ed to touch the blockallows the obtaining of a precise indication of the thickness of thematerial to be removed or cut away. When said material has been removed,there still remains a reserve or allowance of a fraction 5 of an inchbefore finally reaching the desired surface. This operation is generallycalled the blocking in of the work.

The final setting of the points is then performed by substituting theneedle adapted to touch the block by a drilling tool which is rotated byan electricor other motor and which cooperates with the needle touchingthe model.

Said drilling tool serves to bore in the reserved thickness of material,holes which correspond to desired points of the model and the bottoms ofwhich are situated exactly upon the definite surface of the reproducedpiece of sculpture. so It is obvious that,-without departing from thespirit of my invention, I may also employ a drilling tool performingboth the blockin in operation of the block and the setting o points onthe same. 3 v

For this purpose, the said drilling tool is first mounted in a slidablemanner in its sup port and is provided with an abutment piece which islike that referred to for the second needle and which serves, incooperation with a fixed point of the support of the drilling tool, toindicate the thickness of the material to be removed or cut away for theblocking in of the block.

When the said blocking in operation is achieved, the drilling tool isthen secured in its support and serves as above explained, to bore theholes corresponding to the points which it is desired to transfer fromthe model to the block.

The advantage of this invention is the '70 great saving of time insetting points as compared with the known method generally called thethree compass system.

The machine which serves to illustrate the invention, is of a verystrong construction so 7.5 as to avoid all vibrations during theoperation of said machine. In fact, due to the considerableratio betweenthe scales of the model and of the desired reproduction re spectively,the slightest mistake would be am- 30 plified in a considerable numberof times and the work would be very imperfect, which could not bepermitted. I

The appended drawings show, by way of example, an embodiment of amachine, which among many others, may be employed for carrying out theinvention.

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan view.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section 011 the line 33 ofFig.1.. I

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of a detail. I,

Fig. 5 is a partial-cross section on the line 55 of Fig. 2-. i V

Fig. 6 is a partial cross section on the line 66 of Fig.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view of amodi fication.

Fig. 8 is a view analogous to Fig.6 show-,

ing the drilling tool.

, 62 having suitable recess in which are respec tively disposed eightrollers 63 which are mounted in pairs on the axles 64 and roll upon therails for the lengthwise motion of the stocks in either direction.

This lengthwise displacement of the stocks, which varies for each stock,according to the scale adopted, due to their connection with thepantograph, which will be further described, is controlled by the stockcarrying the original statue, by means of a crank or a hand wheel (notshown) secured to one of the axles 64 to which is keyed one of a pair ofrollers 63 carrying at its periphery a toothed ring 65 in gearengagement with a rack 66 secured to the web of the corresponding rail60.

The upper part of the base 62 comprises an inclined roller race coactingwith a set of tapered rollers 67 mounted at one end of suitable axles 68whose other end is fixed in a member 69 which is partially inserted intoa circular recess in the base 62.

The stocks 70 rest upon the base through the medium of the said rollers67 said stocks serve to hold the original statue and the said block ofmaterial, respectively. To this effect, the base of each stock 70carries an inclined roller race coacting with the roller race of thebase 62, for use with the rollers 67, as well as a circular recess inwhich is slidable the outer portion of the members 69. In a recessformed on the periphery of the stock is secured a ring-shaped piece 7 1,made in two parts, provided with worm teeth coacting with the worm 9mounted on the shaft 7 so that in actuating the hand wheel 8, the twostocks 70 will turn through equal angles. The parts 70 and 62 areconnected together by a bolt 72 whose nut 73 is so formed as toconstitute a forked holder supporting an axle 74 upon which is pivotedthe corresponding flat arm or ruler of the pantograph' The saidpantograph is of the Collas type, and it'comprises an arm 7 5 which ispivoted at 76 to the support of the said bar, which support isfixed withreference to the rails, as well as tworulers 7 7 and 78 which arepivoted at one end to the axles 74 of the stocks. Due to thisarrangement of the pantograph,

it is necessary to provide a trench 7 9 in the ground in which it isfree to move.

The arm 7 5 is graduated and carries two slides 80 and 81 which areprovided with vernier apertures and to which are pivoted the respectiverulers 77 and 7 8; these latter, which are of the telescoping type, arealso graduated and may be clamped at the proper length, which dependsupon the scale to be employed, by means of the clamping devices 82.

The support of thebar carrying the needles consists of two main parts 83and 84; the part 83 which is slidable lengthwise upon the rails 60, isheld in position for thewhole duration of a given reproducing operation,and is so disposed that the second part 84 will be vertically slidabletherein and may be held at any desired height.

At the end of the member 84 is a'flat part on which is mounted a bearing85 supporting a tapered shaft 86 which is rotatable t ierein; this shaft86 ends in a fork 87 whose branches are provided with screws 88 formingpivots for two arms 89 of a suitable member (Fig. 4) which may be termeda pivot-' ing member and which is accurately centered in the fork 87.The other two arms 89" of the said pivoting member are bored upon theirwhole length for the insertion of. a rod 90 supporting the bar 91carrying the needles.

The bearing 85 is not directly secured to the flat part of the support84, but it is mounted on a device consisting of two slides which arelongitudinally and transversely slidable on the rails 60 in such mannerthat, according to the conditions required for the proper execution ofthe reproducing work, the center of the pivoting member 89 may bebrought into coincidence with the center line a:a; of the machine andalso with the vertical line passing through the pivot point of the arm75 of the pantograph upon the support 83.

, The connection between the rod 90 mounted on the said pivoting member,and the bar 91, is effected in a special manner as follows:

Upon the rod 90 is engaged (and can be heldby the two rings 90) a member92 which is recessed at the bottom part upon its whole length for theinsertion of the upper part 93 of the member 94, having the shape of anopen sleeve, in wnich the bar 91 is held by screws which bring the edgesof the sleeve nearer together.

The part 93 is pivoted to the axle 95 in the recess in the member 92,and its upper part is convex (Fig. 5) so as to permit the oscillation;this part 93 may be held in the desired position by a pair of milledscrews 96 mounted thereon and making contact with the end of the recessformed in the member 92. To the outer end of the bar 91 is attached awire 91 connected with a weight (not shown) which maintains the said barin stable the said block or piece of work, each needle can be placed incontact at all times with its respective element (statue or work) at apoint serving as an indication for the beginning of the reproducingwork.

The two needles are mounted upon like supports 97 (Figs. 1, 2 and 6)which are secure-d to the bar 91 by collars 98 held by screws; saidsupports 97 may have the form herein represented, and each consists of adisk which is provided on the lower face with a strengthening rib 97 andon its upper face with two bosses 99 and 1-00 having the same heightabove the disk 97.

Upon the circular boss 99 is pivotedto an axle 101the end of a link 102whose other end, which rests upon the boss 100, is pivoted to a bar 103connecting the two links together; each link carries a plate upon whichare mounted the supports 41 of the needles 43 and 44 which are utilizedrespectively with the original statue and the block or piece ofreproduction work, the needle 44 being provid ed with an abutment ring45 (Fig. 6) which may be secured on the said needle by means of thescrew 50.

The thickness of the link 102 and of the plates of the supports 41 areselected in such manner that the distance 7 between the points of theneedles and the axis of the bar 91 shall be the same as the distancebetween this axis and the axis of the rod mounted on the pivoting member89, and in this manner the whole action takes place, during thereproduction work, as if the said needles pivoted about a line passingthrough the center of the said pivoting member.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

When commencing the work, the points of the two needles being situatedon the same line, parallel with the main center line iii-00 of themachine or in coincidence with this line, the needle 43 being secured ina fixed position by the screws 42, I commence by displacing the needle44 by a certain quantity with reference to the needle 43, for instanceby a fraction of an inch, andrits ring 45 is brought against theadjacent support 41 and is secured in this position. When the needle 43is brought'near the original statue, it is necessary in order to obtaincontact that the needle 44 shall recede in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 6) when the needle 43 touches the statue, the distance between thering 45 and the adjacent support 41 will represent the thickness of thematerial to be removed from the block, with a reserve or allowance of afraction of an inch. I

This material is removed without other" precaution with chisel andhammer, since there is a reserve of a'fractlon of an inch to be removedbefore attaining the definite sur- I face of the piece of sculpture tobe reproduced. o

I/Vhen the block is thus blocked in and has substantially taken the formof the model, I proceed to the setting 'of points.

For this purpose, I remove the needle 44.

and I substitute therefore a drilling tool such as the one shown in Fig.8, which is mounted in the supports 97 where :it is held by the pieces41 andfastened by the screws 42 and which is so adjusted that thedistance of its point to the adjacent piece 41 is in the desired ratio,according to the chosen scale, with the distance separating the point ofthe needle 43 from its adjacent piece 41.

The drilling tool properly so called, indicated iii-46, is mounted in atool holder 47 followed by a tube 48 to which is connected the flexibletransmission cable 49 connected itself to the shaft of an electric orother mo upon the definite surface of the final reproduction in stone,marble, wood or the like.

It is to be noted that the points of the model which are to be set onthe block, are previously marked with pencil dots on said model.

In the center of the hole thus bored in the said block, I place a dotwith a pencil.

After the required number of points have been so properly placed, saidnumber depending uponthe precision which is to be brought to the work, Ifinish said work by carving away, with chisel and hammer, the reservedmaterial until I reach the bottom of the various holes. 4

Since the bottoms of which are provided with the pencil marks aspreviously explained, these marks will guide me in removthe model; inthis manner, the bottom of I these holes will guide me in obtaining theidentical reproduction of the model.

According to another method which Will V ly acts like the ring 45previously mounted on the. needle 44 when the tube 48 slides in thetance between the ring 45 and the adjacent support 41.

The drilling tool is thereafter utilized as above explained for thesetting of points upon the block.

This second method for carrying out the invention is shown on Fig. 9.

Obviously, the invention is not limited to the form of constructionabove specified by way of example, and the machine is susceptible of allsuitable modifications in its details of construction without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.

For instance, the said pantograph is not necessarily placed below themachine, this disposition being adopted in order to reduce the generalsize, and since it is distinct from the bar 91 carrying the needles, itmay be disposed at the side of the machine.

More generally speaking, the invention is not limited to the embodimentof the machine represented by way of example and I may utilize forcarrying out my invention, any machine which is adapted for thereproduction of sculpture and particularly the machine which makes theobject of my copending application Serial Number 171,335.

In like manner, if the block forming the piece of work has a large sizeand hence a great weight, I may proceed, in order to pre vent anydisplacement of the stock upon which it is mounted, to employ the saidstock in the fixed position and the arm of the pantograph will bepivoted to its base; the rulers 7778 will be pivoted respectively to thestock carrying the statute and to the support 8384 of the bar 91, whichsupport is now made slidable on the rails 60. 7

Should the piece of work consist of a number of superposed blocks, theoriginal statue may be reproduced on the spot at which the reproducedstatue is to be erected, by the use of the apparatus shown in Fig. 7.

At the center of the block 104 serving for the reproduction of theoriginal statue 105 is mounted a vertical rod 106 also coinciding withthe center of the original statue, which is mounted at the proper heightabove the block 104, depending upon the scale of reproduction.

At the top of the rod 106 is mounted-by a ball and socket jointa bar 107carrying the two needles 43 and 44 or the needle 43 and the drillingtool 46, these two parts being connected by the rulers 77-7 8 with thearm 75 of the pantograph. It is obvious that this device can only beused when the sculpture covers only the lateral face of the block 104.If such were not the case, I may still employ a device analogous to theone shown in Fig. 7,

by suspending the pantograph at 'a'point situated on the vertical linepassing through the center of the original statue 105 and the block 104.The original statue is properly supported above the block at therequisite height depending upon the scale of reproduction and withoutinterfering with the operation of the pantograph.

Having thus described my apparatus, what I claim as newtherein,and myown invention, is

1. In a machine adapted to reproduce sculpture at any given scale andessentially comprising two platforms, one for the model and the otherfor the block in which the said model is to be reproduced, and two supsorts for the tools cooperating with said model and said blockrespectively, the combination of two pivoted links on each of whichrests the respective tool-support, a bar connecting said links in orderto provide for the same angular displacement of said supports, a fixedneedle mounted in the first support and touching the model, a toolmounted in the second support and indicating the corresponding point onthe block, and an abutment piece on said tool, this tool first beingslidably mounted in its support for the blocking in operation of theblock and then made relatively fixed in its support, but allowed torotate and consequently to act as a drilling tool for boring in saidblock holes the bottoms of which are exactly situated upon the definitesurface of the sculpture to be obtained.

:2. In a machine of the type referred to for the reproduction ofsculpture at any given scale, the combination of two pivoted links oneach of which rests a tool-support, a bar connecting said links in orderto provide for the same angular displacement of the said supports, afirst tool constituted by a needle mounted in the first support andtouching the model, means for fasteningsaid needle in its support, asecond tool slidably mounted in the second support and indicating thecorresponding point on the block, and an adjustable abutment piece onthe second tool, the amount in which the said tool slides in its up oortuntil it touches a point of the block,

whilst the said needle is already in contact with the correspondingpoint of the model, giving an exact indication of the thickness of thematerial to be removed from the said block for blocking in the same, thesaid abutment piece being so adjusted on the tool as to leave a suitablereserve everywhere on the desired surface in the block. the said secondtool being thereafter relatively fixed in its support, but allowed torotate and consequently to act as a drilling tool for boring in the saidreserved thickness holes the bot toms of which are eXactl situated uponthe definite surface of the sculpture to be obtained.

3. In a machine of the type referred to for the reproduction ofsculpture at any given scale, the comblnatlon of means for assuring thesame angular displacement of two tools cooperating with the model andthe block respectively, two supports for the said tools, a fixed needleconstituting the first tool mounted in the first support and touchingsaid model, a drilling tool mounted in the second support, an adjustableabutment piece on said drilling tool and means for fastening the latterin its support, the said drilling too-l first being utilized only as asliding needle for blocking in the block, the said fastening means beingloosened, and after tightened,

when the said drilling tool is mechanically rotated for boring in thesaid reserved thickness holes the bottoms of which are exactly situatedupon the definite surface of the sculpture to be obtained, in order toperform the setting of points on the said block.

In testimony whereof I have aiiixed my signature.

EDMONDO QUATTROCCHI.

